Employment Interviewing5 _8 n- X3 L6 L/ [
Seizing the Opportunity and the Job D% T6 Q% t& u
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Interviewing is the most stressful part of the job search for many
: `3 u' F& j7 Jpeople. But it doesn't have to be. Interviews are an opportunity to show( A: E6 g" N* Q+ n; w; e: z4 v
you are an enthusiastic worker who would do a job well.
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- E) r" j; k2 X: I5 y' MYou can make the most of that opportunity by being prepared, presenting
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There are many types of interviews: screening interviews, designed to' }3 W: s1 U, P0 B5 d. F
whittle the applicant pool; longer second and third interviews, intended
6 E r9 K7 M1 _; V7 R: x0 `7 ?to help employers make final selections; and telephone and video
8 j& ?) R' B5 T/ ?9 _- n3 `3 ^8 qconferencing interviews, arranged to capitalize on available technology.
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Although these interviews often have different purposes, they all
7 P" r9 R6 h" G& |" h6 w& ^% o- V+ g( e1 L/ Irequire basic interviewing skills. Read on for advice about what to do
! s( I; D. N3 o4 K% d8 }/ ^. [3 H2 }before, during, and after a job interview. The sidebar on page 17 q' D. v2 w7 X8 T
discusses ways to enlist good references, and the special feature on k+ x2 b8 M3 Z2 E" ?9 d2 {! u
page 19 offers tips about job fairs.
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2 y) {7 \& k8 {, W. }Preparation
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% C3 a _) @* sCareer counselors say a good job interview starts well before the, }; j! b, u) O: o" ~: ]1 H
jobseeker and interviewer meet. Preparation can be as important as the
6 B- z1 K7 ~2 J' |6 Q. L6 f! jinterview itself. Researching, practicing, and dressing appropriately
4 Z7 j6 [- k3 t; o" O, care the first steps to making the most of a job interview.
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Research. One of the best, but most fre-quently overlooked, ways to5 v7 U8 X2 p# e, v+ C- t: H
demonstrate enthusiasm for a job is to research both the company and the
" [. k! b8 a; Kposition for which you are being interviewed. Employers say they are+ k5 E# o$ N& h3 j# N! i( H: V! a
impressed by well-informed jobseekers.' S; H* Y- r8 o0 v; F2 [
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Before arriving for an interview, you should know what the company does,
/ S5 C) ?4 a. q' R; u4 O& Zhow large it is, any recent changes it has undergone, and what role you- v7 x2 Q! I9 V6 ]4 M, L6 ]
could play in its organization. Try to learn about the company's goals
& j1 Z4 L& ^) d0 V2 O4 Z, aand values. With these facts, you can show how your qualifica-tions
5 [) K. \% a* ~6 N* I7 ]/ D# I. \match the company's needs.: k3 i8 f6 O! k, J6 h$ h5 o d
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The company itself is often the easiest place to start your search. Many( A8 Q7 @* o* k4 p! }# I
businesses fill their websites with information tailored to jobseekers.3 T: R0 h, E$ K$ w
These sites often include a history of the company and a description of$ ^( w. D2 U, C* S, S' Y0 h
its products and customers. And many companies' human resources; [( H) I* T) m/ D0 n7 d# Z, L
departments will send recruiting information if you request it.: i; s9 {7 e: ^+ _& Y8 ?6 a
2 f) v7 o) U- w2 z$ c5 I2 G. P) r& `( C0 qPublic libraries and career centers also have valuable information about' g8 e M9 r& S2 L6 Q: {+ Z
employers, including companies' annual reports to shareholders, reports
, `3 |4 K4 v( m! r8 G! |kept by local chambers of commerce, trade journals, and business: \: N/ a7 E6 c$ G8 K- j3 N
indexes, such as Hoover's Business Index and Dun and Bradstreet.8 x4 O- y) v9 S' i
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Practice describing yourself. Another important step in preparing for a5 \% t) f I/ a. S; A
job interview is to practice describing your professional% N3 b# H; E( R. c' r5 I# X- B! L
characteristics. Think of examples from past jobs, schoolwork, and# t8 q1 [3 N0 }
activities to illustrate important skills. Recalling accomplishments
5 W9 f1 y9 _% Ibeforehand, when you don't have to respond under interview pressure,5 d1 [! |0 W, r$ R! E
will strengthen your answers during the actual event.
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0 y5 j( Y2 z5 u; {/ i( ?4 P; dEvery interview will be different, and there may always be surprising
/ q) {4 y) g4 @, x. q! s: Jquestions. Nevertheless, interviewers suggest rehearsing with a career$ m4 k/ }' z) _& p1 U' P
counselor or friend to gain confidence and poise. As a starting point,
7 e' h# }! f: g- _+ [try to respond aloud to the following:4 X& g: C1 Z2 q3 N8 n; f8 \
2 |: }/ X C2 K8 F6 c' j* How would you describe yourself?
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* What did you like most about your last job?; W8 |& I R$ K# V
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* What types of courses do you enjoy most?" e% [- m: h" t2 Q4 M
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* Why should I select you over other applicants?# K: p, w; B Y" R7 n) I- T2 |) Z8 D
+ U) ]2 O. n5 q8 x& a$ E8 G( s* What are your greatest strengths and weaknesses?* C h7 \, |5 [5 N- P
( }, W8 R5 S) f7 F0 h1 f* What are your hobbies?
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% Q9 l7 u/ w- F& A+ f- @8 {* Tell me more about the project you described on your resume.
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6 {6 Y, w4 m) m. M* Describe a work or school-related problem and how you solved it.
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* Tell me about a time you worked as part of a team.7 M9 Y4 ~: P" f" j
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* What are your short-term goals?- W2 n& k; C! A, h
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* Why do you want to work in this occupation and for this company?1 Z4 ?! O2 P) l. n
" B N( b2 |* @. XEach question gives you an opportunity to illustrate your favorable
% ^9 i$ J" s7 S8 zcharacteristics. When responding, focus on subjects related to the job.
$ R1 B6 m9 s Y1 l0 L6 g( h# JFor example, if asked to describe yourself, talk about your professional3 |3 J3 B4 _- K" V* u; ~3 s1 V) ~
characteristics and background, not your personal life.
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Some questions -- such as those about hobbies or interests -- may seem, C! J0 }# k7 N- j: E; W
irrelevant. Interviewers ask these types of questions to learn about' F( V! d5 y6 y/ N/ c
your personality and test your interpersonal skills. In addition,
! O% q* i! {: K- b# A6 Eanswering questions about your hobbies or interests allows you to) @- q. s& A$ Q
highlight some of your other strengths. Participating in a sport might
2 d- U7 L: _( d/ m5 F3 Wdemonstrate teamwork; ability in a craft, such as needlepoint, shows an
: K) N5 c9 n9 Fattention to detail.0 n; t% @; G3 b
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Career centers and libraries have many books with additional questions
; o, b* s) }- e1 R7 g3 Kand possible answers. The goal is not to memorize responses to these! _3 i3 F7 r) J* _+ U
questions but to become comfortable speaking about yourself, your: [9 T( I7 R- i5 |& q! r: \
training and experience, and your career goals. Responding to interview+ S4 f' r5 l: }% z8 ~$ g
questions should not sound as if you are reciting a script.
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Whatever the question, be ready to accentuate the positive. The
5 o: A$ T+ H5 j" r! uinterviewer might ask for a weakness or failure; choose one that does
5 w6 R+ y# t% f, Q/ ~8 rnot affect your ability to do the job, or describe a shortcoming you are
( c8 x3 g3 J) m8 N1 nworking to overcome. For example, if interviewing for an entry-level u5 M u: _8 \. t+ B2 G
job, cite your lack of paid experience. If there are weaknesses evident5 o5 D7 b8 i( c I* n; o
on your resume; or transcript, such as being fired from a job or/ r; j1 N! _% v* o: j7 k- b9 b
receiving poor grades, rehearse an explanation before the interview in
$ t* H; T$ [, A& }* V3 }! ?# Ycase you are asked about them. Focus on what you learned from the
$ i( k& b' U4 c6 rexperience, being careful never to criticize a previous employer or
2 K t0 }- R1 w, Q; B$ q* Kcoworker.
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$ e1 _4 d& K9 K; C- qDress professionally. Securing a job is much easier if you look the
! G& X1 L: O0 L2 n1 Bpart. A useful guideline is to dress as you would for an important day
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client.
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Clothes should be clean, well fitting, and wrinkle free. Most employers' K9 B- s$ t6 e
expect jobseekers to wear a traditional two-piece suit, preferably in a$ X% W) {1 `( C. v
conservative color such as navy blue, gray, or black. The object is to0 s- ?. K9 r: W& N# G& p
look reliable, not trendy. Many employers say that women's skins should
7 y' }1 N8 `. ?4 E* `, mbe knee-length or below. Polished, closed-toe shoes complete the1 F: G0 a( J! H) r; ]7 t, T
professional image.2 D ?% B# B# L1 C* \& O
# @( y$ j+ k% S* JAvoid last-minute clothing disasters by trying on your suit a few days- ~6 C1 i1 `# g. g( \) O2 j
before the interview. And plan for the unexpected: if you will wear a4 G1 Z* x! k- v" S( O
skirt, buy an extra pair of stockings; if you have shoes that tie, get
( I8 q! l2 `' [more shoelaces. Bring such extras along with you the day of the" r0 f* k5 |) N% C, ]
interview.- [$ Z2 P4 e: v
7 F3 R* u \2 b) b3 Y0 sKeep hair neat by tying it back, putting it up, or cutting it short.. ~+ R8 b7 Z! w" y$ {
Avoid cologne and perfume, large pieces of jewelry, and heavy or2 y8 C4 i( h$ a' V
unnatural makeup. These distract the interviewer from your
) i# E8 C4 U6 _! Q1 W7 yqualifications.
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- c7 u% T$ b4 Eto be continued……………………………………………… |